AbstractBackgroundSusceptibility to Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) may be modulated by genetic variables. However, the majority of previous investigations have focused on genetically homogeneous populations, resulting in a lack of evidence on how genetic factors may influence the development of CML in miscegenated populations. We analyzed 30 polymorphisms in genes related to DNA repair, folate metabolism, transmembrane transport, xenobiotic metabolism, and pyrimidine synthesis in relation to their potential role in the susceptibility of the individual to CML.MethodsThis case‐control study included 126 healthy individuals and 143 patients diagnosed with CML from the admixed population of the Brazilian Amazon. The samples were genotyped by real‐time PCR and the genetic ancestry analysis was based on a panel of 61 ancestry informative markers.ResultsThe results indicated a protective effect against the development of CML in carriers of the C allele of the rs28399433 (CYP2A6) gene and the CC genotype of the rs3742106 (ABCC4) gene.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the rs3742106 (ABCC4) and rs28399433 (CYP2A6) polymorphisms may modulate susceptibility to CML in a population of the Brazilian Amazon region.