Seed science is a vital field of research that contributes to many areas of knowledge in fundamental ecology and evolution, as well as in applied areas of food production, and the conservation and restoration of native plants. A large amount of novel information, technologies and processes in seed science research are being produced and developed by early to middle career researchers (EMCRs) in academic, government and private science sectors. This breadth and novelty of research by EMCRs was evident at the second Australasian Seed Science Conference held online in September 2021. EMCRs represented almost one-third of the presenting delegates at the conference and covered research in areas including functional seed trait relationships, responses of seed traits and germination to environmental change, managing seeds in ex-situ seed and germplasm collections and using seeds as food sources. As future environmental, social and economic challenges arise, EMCR seed scientists will be at the forefront of emerging fundamental ecological and evolutionary seed science knowledge, as well as the development of technologies and processes for the conservation of native species, the utilisation of seeds in agriculture and food production, and many new ideas yet to be discovered.