IntroductionThis study assessed the substitutability of plausible combustible menthol cigarette alternatives (MCAs) for usual brand menthol cigarettes (UBMCs) in adults who smoke menthol cigarettes.MethodsFollowing three in-lab sampling sessions, 80 adults aged 21–50 who smoke menthol cigarettes chose their preferred MCA: (1) a menthol roll-your-own cigarette (mRYO), (2) a menthol filtered little cigar (mFLC) or (3) a non-menthol cigarette (NMC). Participants were instructed to completely substitute their preferred MCA for their UBMC for 1 week and complete daily diaries documenting adherence and subjective effects. At the final lab visit, participants completed concurrent choice and cross-price elasticity tasks with their substitute product and UBMC as the comparator.ResultsMost (65%) participants chose mRYO as their preferred product, followed by NMC and mFLC. Adherence to MCA was high for all products across the week (range: 63%–88%). Positive subjective effects for mRYO decreased over time but remained numerically higher than the other MCA products; craving reduction also decreased for NMC across phases. In the progressive ratio task, participants chose their UBMC in 61.7% of choices; this did not differ by preferred MCA, although the median breakpoint was highest for mRYO and similar for mFLC and NMC. Cross-price elasticity comparing UBMC and the preferred product indicated high substitutability of each MCA at phase 3 (Ivalues −0.70 to −0.82).Conclusions and relevancemRYOs were the most preferred MCA among the study products, but all MCAs were acceptable substitutes for UBMC using behavioural and economic measures in a short-term trial period.Trial registration numberNCT04844762.