Dissemin is shutting down on January 1st, 2025

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MDPI, Life, 1(12), p. 19, 2021

DOI: 10.3390/life12010019

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Pediatric Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Case Series and Literature Review

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by recurrent inflammatory events that primarily involve optic nerves and the spinal cord, but also affect other regions of the CNS, including hypothalamus, area postrema and periaqueductal gray matter. The aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) is specific for NMOSD. Recently, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-IgG) have been found in a group of AQP4-IgG negative patients. NMOSD is rare among children and adolescents, but early diagnosis is important to start adequate therapy. In this report, we present cases of seven pediatric patients with NMOSD and we review the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of NMOSD in children.