AbstractEmotion beliefs include beliefs regarding usefulness and controllability of emotions, and they play an important role in emotion regulation. This study developed a Japanese version of the Emotion Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ‐J) and examined its reliability and validity. A total of 317 participants were surveyed (212 women, 98 men, 7 not indicated; mean age: 20.06 ± 2.84 years). A preliminary survey was conducted with 23 undergraduate students to develop a draft of the Japanese version. The results confirmed the face validity of the measurement. The first cross‐sectional survey examined descriptive statistics, structural validity, internal consistency, construct validity, and gender differences in measurement scores. The second, short‐term longitudinal and cross‐sectional survey evaluated the test–retest reliability and construct validity. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the EBQ‐J had a four‐first‐order‐factor and two‐second‐order‐factor structure. The results were consistent with the original EBQ. The measurement demonstrated good internal consistency, moderate to excellent test–retest reliability, and partially verified construct validity. The EBQ‐J could assess emotion beliefs across positive and negative emotions and explain emotion regulation processes.