AbstractMicro elastofluidics is an emerging research field that encompasses characteristics of conventional microfluidics and fluid‐structure interactions. Micro elastofluidics is expected to enable practical applications, for instance, where direct contact between biological samples and fluid handling systems is required. Besides design optimization, choosing a proper material is critical to the practical use of micro elastofluidics upon interaction with biological interface and after its functional lifetime. Biodegradable polymers are one of the most studied materials for this purpose. Micro elastofluidic devices made of biodegradable polymers possess exceptional mechanical elasticity, excellent bio compatibility, and structural degradability into non‐toxic products. This article provides an insightful and systematic review of the utilization of biodegradable polymers in digital and continuous‐flow micro elastofluidics.