Bacteriophage-eukaryotic cell interaction provides the biological foundation of Phage Display technology, which has been widely adopted in studies involving protein-protein and protein-peptide interactions, and it provides a direct link between the proteins and the DNA encoding them. Phage display has also facilitated the development of new therapeutic agents targeting personalized cancer mutations. Proteins encoded by mutant genes in cancers can be processed and presented on the tumor cell surface by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, and such mutant peptides are called Neoantigens. Neoantigens are naturally existing tumor markers presented on the cell surface. In clinical settings, the T-cell recognition of neoantigens is the foundation of cancer immunotherapeutics. This year, we utilized phage display to successfully develop the 1st antibody-based neoantigen targeting approach for next-generation personalized cancer therapeutics. In this article, we discussed the strategies for identifying neoantigens, followed by using phage display to create personalized cancer therapeutics—a complete pipeline for personalized cancer treatment.