In this paper, we complete the syntaxonomical scheme for halophytic vegetation and adjoining plant communities of the lowland, montane and alpine zones in the Pamir-Alai and western Tian Shan in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan with some remarks on its environmental predictors. A total of 217 relevés were sampled in 2014–2019 using the seven-degree cover-abundance scale of the Braun-Blanquet approach. Modified TWlNSPAN was used to classify plant communities based on species composition. The cover-abundance scale was transformed using the four-step interval scale with cut-off levels at 0%, 5% and 25%. Diagnostic species were identified using the phi coefficient as a fidelity measure. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) was used to explore the relationships between the distin-guished groups. A total of five halophytic or subhalophytic grasslands, five halophytic thermophilous scrub communities, three hypersaline alluvial temporary flooded swards, and one riparian scrub com-munity were distinguished in the study area, grouped in four orders. Four plant communities have been established as new associations: Knorringietum sibiricae, Puccinellietum pamiricae, Carici physodis-Zygophylletum gontscharovii and Zygophylletum ferganensis. The Taraxacion murgabici is described as new alliance of high-altitude halophytic vegetation in arid environments. The hypersaline alluvial temporary flooded swards were included in a new order – the Psylliostachyetalia spicato-leptostachyae. The main factors differentiating the species composition of the researched vegetation seem to be: the share and number of annual vs. perennial species, coverage of shrub layer, number and share of Irano-Turanian plants, mean annual temperature, and altitudinal position. This is the first time we have initi-ated research on halophytic vegetation in Middle Asia. However, further geobotanical studies in this part of the world are needed, because the syntaxonomical position of some of the distinguished com-munities still remains vague.