AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T cells have revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies during the past five years, boasting impressive response rates and durable remissions for patients who previously had no viable options. In this review, we provide a brief historical overview of their development. We focus on the practical aspects of a patient’s journey through this treatment and the unique toxicities and current best practices to manage those. We then discuss the key registration trials that have led to approvals for the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and multiple myeloma. Finally, we consider the future development and research directions of this cutting edge therapy.