In this work, we obtained silver nanoparticles stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone, ranging in size from 70 to 110 nm, which exhibits good crystallinity and anisotropic structure. For the first time, we studied the influence of the molar ratio of silver between silver and peroxide on the oxidation process of the nanoparticles and determined the regularities of this process by analyzing changes in absorption spectra. Our results showed that at molar ratios of Ag:H2O2 = 1:1 and 1:5, dependences of changes in the intensity, position and half-width of the absorption band of the plasmon resonance are rectilinear. In vivo studies of silver nanoparticles have shown that silver nanoparticles belong to the toxicity class III (moderately hazardous substance) and to the third group according to the degree of accumulation. We established that silver nanoparticles and oxidized silver nanoparticles form a uniform layer on the surface of the suture material. We found that the use of the suture material with silver nanoparticles and oxidized silver nanoparticles does not cause allergic reactions in the organisms of laboratory animals.