AbstractUnder ongoing global climate change, drought periods are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity in the future. Under these circumstances, it is crucial for tree's survival to recover their restricted functionalities quickly after drought release. To elucidate the recovery of carbon (C) transport rates in c. 70‐year‐old Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] KARST.) after 5 years of recurrent summer droughts, we conducted a continuous whole‐tree ¹³C labeling experiment in parallel with watering. We determined the arrival time of current photoassimilates in major C sinks by tracing the ¹³C label in stem and soil CO₂ efflux, and tips of living fine roots. In the first week after watering, aboveground C transport rates (CTR) from crown to trunk base were still 50% lower in previously drought‐stressed trees (0.16 ± 0.01 m h⁻¹) compared to controls (0.30 ± 0.06 m h⁻¹). Conversely, CTR below ground, that is, from the trunk base to soil CO₂ efflux were already similar between treatments (c. 0.03 m h⁻¹). Two weeks after watering, aboveground C transport of previously drought‐stressed trees recovered to the level of the controls. Furthermore, regrowth of water‐absorbing fine roots upon watering was supported by faster incorporation of ¹³C label in previously drought‐stressed (within 12 ± 10 h upon arrival at trunk base) compared to control trees (73 ± 10 h). Thus, the whole‐tree C transport system from the crown to soil CO₂ efflux fully recovered within 2 weeks after drought release, and hence showed high resilience to recurrent summer droughts in mature Norway spruce forests. This high resilience of the C transport system is an important prerequisite for the recovery of other tree functionalities and productivity.