Published in

World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 1(28), p. 50-57, 2022

DOI: 10.26719/emhj.22.005

Links

Tools

Export citation

Search in Google Scholar

Compliance with smoke-free policies at indoor and outdoor public places: an observational study in Pakistan

Journal article published in 2022 by Hanaa Ahsan ORCID, Connie Hoe, Fouad Aslam, Kathy Wright, Joanna Cohen, Ryan Kennedy
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

Full text: Download

Red circle
Preprint: archiving forbidden
Red circle
Postprint: archiving forbidden
Green circle
Published version: archiving allowed
Data provided by SHERPA/RoMEO

Abstract

Background: In 2002, the Government of Pakistan implemented a national law governing the use of tobacco products. The law included smoke-free policies banning smoking in all public places, and required no-smoking signage to be displayed at all such venues. Compliance with smoke-free policies is imperative, as it protects the health of nonsmokers. Almost two decades later, efforts to assess compliance with smoke-free policies in Karachi have been lacking, with only one study conducted in 2016. Aims: To investigate smoke-free compliance across public places in Karachi, the most populous city in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the east and south districts of Karachi between October and December 2019. Data pertaining to evidence of smoking (observed smoking, cigarette butt litter, and display of ashtrays/similar instruments), the presence of designated smoking areas/rooms (DSAs/DSRs), and the display and location of no-smoking signage were collected via direct observations. Results are reported using descriptive statistics. Results: Observations were conducted at 1704 indoor and outdoor public venues. Among the sample, 972 (57%) were compliant with the composite indicator assessing evidence of smoking. DSAs were observed at 104 (6%) places and DSRs at 16 (1%) places. No-smoking signage was displayed at the main entrance of 104 (6%) places and inside 174 (10%) places. Conclusion: Compliance with smoke-free policies is lacking in Karachi. Enhanced efforts by enforcement agencies and venue managers are needed to establish 100% smoke-free public places across Karachi.