The topic of sleep-related breathing disorders is always evolving, and during the European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Congress 2023 in Milano (Italy), the latest research and clinical topics in respiratory medicine have been presented. The most interesting issues ranged from new diagnostic tools, including cardiovascular parameters and artificial intelligence, pathophysiological traits of SDB from routine polysomnography or polygraphy signals, up to new biomarkers and the diagnostic approach in patients with excessive daytime sleepiness. This article summarises the most relevant studies and topics to this extent presented at the ERS International Congress 2023. Each section has been written by Early Career Members of the ERS Assembly 4.