AbstractAimsTo examine (i) the sex-specific associations between three social determinants of health (SDOH) and use of ablation after incident atrial fibrillation (AF), and (ii) the temporal trends in these associations.Methods and resultsWe conducted a nationwide cohort study of patients with an incident hospital diagnosis of AF between 2005 and 2018. SDOH at the time of AF diagnosis included three levels of educational attainment, tertile groups of family income, and whether the patient was living alone. Outcome was catheter ablation for AF. We used cause-specific proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CI and adjusted for age. To examine temporal trends, we included an interaction term between the exposure and calendar years. Among 122 276 men, those with lower education [HR 0.49 (95%CI 0.45–0.53)] and 0.72 (0.68–0.77) for lower and medium vs. higher], lower income [HR 0.31 (0.27–0.34) and 0.56 (0.52–0.60) for lower and medium vs. higher], and who lived alone [HR 0.60 (0.55–0.64)] were less likely to receive AF ablation. Among 98 476 women, those with lower education [HR 0.45 (0.40–0.50) and 0.83 (0.75–0.91) for lower and medium vs. higher], lower income [HR 0.34 (0.28–0.40) and 0.51 (0.46–0.58) for lower and medium vs. higher], and who lived alone [HR 0.67 (0.61–0.74)] were less likely to receive AF ablation. We found no evidence of temporal trends in the associations.ConclusionIn the Danish universal healthcare system, patients with AF who had lower educational attainment, lower family income, or were living alone were less likely to undergo AF ablation.