Spin coated thin films (∼400 Å) of poly(styrene)–poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PS–PDMS) diblock copolymers have been investigated using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy. Surface segregation of the poly(dimethylsiloxane) blocks was studied for five diblock copolymers which ranged in molecular weight from 7 kg/mol to 500 kg/mol. The films were annealed above and below the highest glass transition temperature of the two polymer blocks but below the order–disorder transition temperature. Information concerning the chemical in-depth distribution of the films was extracted by use of peak shape analysis of the X-ray Photoelectron Spectra via the Tougaard Method. The amount of dimethylsiloxane in the uppermost part of the films was quantified as a function of annealing time and temperature. For annealing above the PS glass transition temperature, surface segregation of the dimethylsiloxane chain-ends occurs for all the studied PS–PDMS diblock copolymers. At room temperature, surface segregation takes place only when the amount of dimethylsiloxane in the diblock copolymers is small.