AbstractPlastic waste management has become a global issue. Polyethylene (PE) is the most abundant synthetic plastic worldwide, and one of the most resistant to biodegradation. Indeed, few bacteria can degrade polyethylene. In this paper, the transcriptomic analysis unveiled for the first time Rhodococcus opacus R7 complex genetic system based on diverse oxidoreductases for polyethylene biodegradation. The RNA-seq allowed uncovering genes putatively involved in the first step of oxidation. In-depth investigations through preliminary bioinformatic analyses and enzymatic assays on the supernatant of R7 grown in the presence of PE confirmed the activation of genes encoding laccase-like enzymes. Moreover, the transcriptomic data allowed identifying candidate genes for the further steps of short aliphatic chain oxidation including alkB gene encoding an alkane monooxygenase, cyp450 gene encoding cytochrome P450 hydroxylase, and genes encoding membrane transporters. The PE biodegradative system was also validated by FTIR analysis on R7 cells grown on polyethylene.