Oral health surveys are essential for assessing the dental caries experience and to influence national policies. This retrospective cross-sectional study aims to analyze dental caries experience for which dental treatment was sought in a reference university dental hospital at the Lisbon Metropolitan Area between January 2016 and March 2020. Full-mouth examination, and sociodemographic, behavior, and medical information were included. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression analysis were applied to ascertain risk indicators associated with dental caries experience. A final sample of 9349 participants (5592 females/3757 males) were included, aged 18 to 99 years old. In this population, caries experience was 91.1%, higher in female participants. Age (OR = 1.01, 95% CI [1.00–1.02], occupation (OR = 2.94, 95% CI [2.37–3.65], OR = 3.35, 95% CI [2.40–4.67], OR = 2.55, 95% CI [1.66–3.91], for employed, unemployed, and retired, respectively), overweight (OR = 1.52, 95% CI [1.18–1.96]), reporting to have never visited a dentist (OR = 0.38, 95% CI [0.23–0.64], and self-reported week teeth status (OR = 2.14, 95% CI [1.40–3.28]) were identified as risk indicators for the presence of dental caries, according to adjusted multivariable logistic analyses. These results highlight a substantial rate of dental experience in a Portuguese cohort and will pave the way for future tailored oral public health programs in Portugal.