AbstractTarget identification remains a critical challenge in inorganic drug discovery to deconvolute potential polypharmacology. Herein, we describe an improved approach to prioritize candidate protein targets based on a combination of dose‐dependent chemoproteomics and treatment effects in living cancer cells for the rhenium tricarbonyl compound TRIP. Chemoproteomics revealed 89 distinct dose‐dependent targets with concentrations of competitive saturation between 0.1 and 32 μM despite the broad proteotoxic effects of TRIP. Target‐response networks revealed two highly probable targets of which the Fe−S cluster biogenesis factor NUBP2 was competitively saturated by free TRIP at nanomolar concentrations. Importantly, TRIP treatment led to a down‐regulation of Fe−S cluster containing proteins and upregulated ferritin. Fe−S cluster depletion was further verified by assessing mitochondrial bioenergetics. Consequently, TRIP emerges as a first‐in‐class modulator of the scaffold protein NUBP2, which disturbs Fe−S cluster biogenesis at sub‐cytotoxic concentrations in ovarian cancer cells.