Using stationary electrochemical, polarization resistance, cathodic charging, transient electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and theoretical and molecular mechanics studies, epoxy polymer-coated carbon steel specimens’ ability to protect metals from corrosion in various soil extracts was examined. According to the polarization resistance tests results, the polymer coating remained stable for 60 days in all three soil extracts, with a 90% efficiency for the steel coated in Soil Extract A, indicating that the sandy soil is less aggressive than the other two. The aggressiveness of clay soil was confirmed by the fact that a polymer-coated steel rod in the clay soil extract experienced a corrosion current density of 97 µA/cm2. In contrast, the same rod in sandy soil had a current density of 58 µA/cm2. The coating’s good adsorption contact with the metal surface was further guaranteed by molecular dynamics simulations, which provided atomic-level evidence of the epoxy molecule’s adsorption behavior (geometry) and adsorption energy on the carbon steel surface.