Species of the spider family Zodariidae occurring in Iran and Turkmenistan are reviewed. Seventeen species of three subfamilies are described as new to science: Lachesana kavirensissp. nov. (♂, Qom; northern Iran), L. perseussp. nov. (♂, Alborz; northern Iran) (Lachesaninae), Pax ellipitasp. nov. (♂♀, Kermanshah and Lorestan; western Iran), P. leilasp. nov. (♂♀, Fars; southwestern Iran) (Storeninae), Acanthinozodium armitasp. nov. (♂, Tehran; northern Iran), A. atrisasp. nov. (♂♀, Qazvin and Tehran; northern Iran), A. diarasp. nov. (♂, Ilam and Lorestan; western Iran), A. dorsasp. nov. (♂♀, Fars; southern Iran), A. elburzicumsp. nov. (♂♀, Tehran; northern Iran), A. kianasp. nov. (♂, Kurdistan; western Iran), A. masasp. nov. (♂, Kermanshah; western Iran), A. niushasp. nov. (♂♀, Fars, Isfahan and Markazi; central Iran), A. ovtchinnikovisp. nov. (♂, Mary; southeastern Turkmenistan), A. parmidasp. nov. (♂, Isfahan; central Iran), A. parysatissp. nov. (♂♀, Ardabil and Qazvin; northern and northwestern Iran), A. soranisp. nov. (♂, East Azerbaijan and Kurdistan; northwestern and western Iran) and Trygetus susianussp. nov. (♀, Khuzestan; southwestern Iran) (Zodariinae). Zodariellum Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1968, currently comprising only the type species (Z. surprisum Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1968) is rediagnosed, with the following species being (re)transferred to it: Z. asiaticum (Tyshchenko, 1970) comb. res., Z. bactrianum (Kroneberg, 1875) comb. nov., Z. bekuzini (Nenilin, 1985) comb. res., Z. chaoyangense (Zhu & Zhu, 1983) comb. res., Z. continentalis (Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1968) comb. res., Z. furcum (Zhu, 1988) comb. res., Z. mongolicum Marusik & Koponen, 2001 comb. res., Z. proszynskii (Nenilin & Fet, 1985) comb. res., Z. nenilini (Eskov, 1996) comb. res., Z. surprisum Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1968 comb. res., Z. schmidti Marusik & Koponen, 2001 comb. res., Z. sytchevskajae (Nenilin & Fet, 1985) comb. res. and Z. volgouralensis Ponomarev, 2007 comb. res. (all ex. Zodarion); out of these, Z. proszynskii Nenilin & Fet, 1985, previously known only from the type locality in Turkmenistan, is recorded from northeastern Iran for the first time. This paper raises the number of zodariids known from Iran to 22 species from seven genera (including the first Iranian records of Acanthinozodium Denis, 1966, Pax Levy, 1990 and Zodariellum) and those known from Turkmenistan to five species from five genera (including the first record of Acanthinozodium from this country). Regional distribution records of all species are mapped.