Land use/Land cover (LULC) change seriously affects ecosystem services and ecosystem functions. In order to maintain ecological security and orderly social development, habitat quality assessment based on Land use/Land cover change is worth exploring. Based on multi-source land use data and Google remote sensing data from 1985 to 2017, land use transfer matrix and habitat quality index were used to study land use change, spatial-temporal evolution of habitat quality, and driving factors influencing habitat quality change in Sanjiang Plain. The results showed that Land use/Land cover changed significantly from 1985 to 2017, especially paddy land increased by 22,184.92 km², while unutilized land decreased by 11,533.53 km². The increase of construction land was mainly at the expense of dry land. There was a polarization in habitat quality, and the high intensity of land use utilization and development resulted in a significant decrease in habitat quality. From 1985 to 2017, the largest change in habitat quality was grassland, which decreased from 0.99 to 0.91.