AbstractThe majoid genus LibiniaLeach, 1815 currently contains 10 valid species, all inhabiting mostly tropical waters in the Western Hemisphere. Three occur in the Eastern Pacific (L. mexicanaRathbun, 1892, L. peruanaGarth & Méndez, 1983, L. setosaLockington, 1877) and seven in the Western Atlantic (L. cavirostrisChace, 1942, L. dubia H. Milne Edwards, 1834, L. emarginataLeach, 1815, L. erinacea (A. Milne-Edwards, 1878), L. ferreiraeBrito Capello, 1871, L. rhomboideaStreets, 1870, L. spinosa Guérin, 1832). The genus is revised using morphological data and the examination of the type series. Sister taxa from the Eastern Pacific are morphologically distinguishable from their Western Atlantic congeners. The present revision recognizes the 10 species, adding new diagnoses and a key to their identification.