In view of the key problem that a large amount of noise in seismic data can easily induce false anomalies and interpretation errors in seismic exploration, the time-frequency spectrum subtraction (TF-SS) method is adopted into data processing to reduce random noise in seismic data. On this basis, the main frequency information of seismic data is calculated and used to optimize the filtering coefficients. According to the characteristics of effective signal duration between seismic data and voice data, the time-frequency spectrum selection method and filtering coefficient are modified. In addition, simulation tests were conducted by using different S/R, which indicates the effectiveness of the TF-SS in removing the random noise.