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arXiv, 2022

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2206.02054

American Astronomical Society, Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2(938), p. L11, 2022

DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac966b

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Searching for High-energy Neutrino Emission from Galaxy Clusters with IceCube

Journal article published in 2022 by K. D. de Vries ORCID, G. de Wasseige ORCID, Juan Antonio Aguilar Sánchez, A. Balagopal V. ORCID, G. de Wasseige, Rasha Abbasi ORCID, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, E. O’Sullivan, L. Paul ORCID, Markus Ackermann ORCID, Jean-Marco Alameddine ORCID, M. Prado Rodriguez, Antonio Augusto Alves ORCID, J. Adams, D. Rysewyk Cantu and other authors.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Galaxy clusters have the potential to accelerate cosmic rays (CRs) to ultra-high energies via accretion shocks or embedded CR acceleration sites. CRs with energies below the Hillas condition will be confined within the cluster and will eventually interact with the intracluster medium (ICM) gas to produce secondary neutrinos and $γ$ rays. Using 9.5 years of muon-neutrino track events from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, we report the results of a stacking analysis of 1094 galaxy clusters, with masses $\gtrsim 10^{14}$ \(\textup{M}_⊙\) and redshifts between 0.01 and $∼$1, detected by the {\it Planck} mission via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect. We find no evidence for significant neutrino emission and report upper limits on the cumulative unresolved neutrino flux from massive galaxy clusters after accounting for the completeness of the catalog up to a redshift of 2, assuming three different weighting scenarios for the stacking and three different power-law spectra. Weighting the sources according to mass and distance, we set upper limits at $90\%$ confidence level that constrain the flux of neutrinos from massive galaxy clusters ($\gtrsim 10^{14}$ \(\textup{M}_⊙\)) to be no more than $4.6\%$ of the diffuse IceCube observations at 100~TeV, assuming an unbroken $E^{-2.5}$ power-law spectrum.