At present, lung cancer has become clinically the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality rate in China. Smoking, environmental pollution, infection, etc., are closely related to lung cancer. To investigate the effect of the nursing method of psychological intervention combined with health education on lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, 70 lung cancer patients who received chemotherapy in our hospital from June 2017 to June 2020 were selected and randomly divided into a routine intervention group (n = 35) and a combined intervention group (n = 35). Patients in the two groups had the same chemotherapy method and medication. The routine intervention group received the routine nursing intervention, while on this basis, the combined intervention group received psychological intervention combined with health education. After 6-week nursing, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) score, self-rating depression scale (SDS) score, cancer pain score before and after nursing, improvement of respiratory function before and after nursing, sleep quality score, quality of life score, and nursing satisfaction were analyzed. Through nursing intervention, the quality of life indexes such as physiological, physical, social, emotional, and other indexes in the combined intervention group were significantly better than those in the routine intervention group, with statistical differences P < 0.01 . The nursing satisfaction in the combined intervention group was significantly better than that in the routine intervention group, with statistical significance (χ2 = 8.9342, P < 0.05 ). The psychological intervention combined with health education for lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy can effectively alleviate anxiety and depression, increase confidence in treatment, reduce pain and significantly improve sleep quality, respiratory function, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction.