Abstract Background The T cell cytokine profile is a key prognostic indicator of post-surgical outcome for colorectal cancer (CRC). Whilst T_H1 (IFN-γ⁺) cell-mediated responses generated in CRC are well documented and are associated with improved survival, antigen-specific T_H17 (IL-17A⁺) responses have not been similarly measured. Methods We sought to determine the cytokine profile of circulating tumour antigen-(5T4/CEA) specific T cells of 34 CRC patients to address whether antigen-specific IL-17A responses were detectable and whether these were distinct to IFN-γ responses. Results As with IFN-γ-producing T cells, anti-5T4/CEA T_H17 responses were detectable predominantly in early stage (TNM I/II) CRC patients. Moreover, whilst IL-17A was always produced in association with IFN-γ, this release was mainly from two distinct T cell populations rather than by ‘dual producing’ T cells. Patients mounting both tumour-specific T_H1⁺/T_H17⁺ responses exhibited prolonged relapse-free survival. Conclusions Tumour antigen-specific T_H17 responses play a beneficial role in preventing post-operative colorectal tumour recurrence.