Dyes present in industrial effluents have been treated by many methods, among which adsorption stands out for its high efficiency, low costs, simple operation processes, and the absence of hazardous byproducts. In this research, two adsorbents were obtained from chitosan beads (CS) cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GLA), graphene oxide (GO), and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) for the adsorption of the anionic dye FD&C Red 40 used as a model pollutant. The optimum removal conditions of FD&C Red 40 dye using CS-TiO2-GLA beads were determined (pH = 1.73, TiO2 amount =279.77 mg, and initial dye concentration = 55.23 mg L−1) with a central composite design with surface response methodology (RSM). The effect of the graphene oxide (GO) in the adsorption properties of CS-TiO2-GLA beads was evaluated, showing a considerable improvement in the removal efficiency of the model dye. The intraparticle diffusion mechanism best described the adsorption kinetics for the two adsorbents. This research demonstrates the potential of chitosan beads incorporated with graphene oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles to remove anionic contaminants from wastewater.