It is assumed that climate and land-use changes cause increasing stress to pollinators, which play pivotal roles in almost all terrestrial ecosystems, with consequences on population growth, diversity and ecosystem functions. While these responses to global change drivers are well located, the molecular pathways triggering the response are poorly understood. We analysed the transcriptomic response of Bombus lucorum workers in their systematic responses to temperature and livestock grazing, sampled along an elevational gradient from 641–2032m a.s.l., and from differently managed grassland sites (livestock grazing vs. unmanaged) in and around the National Park Berchtesgaden (German Alps). Against expectations, we did not find changes in expressed genes commonly known for thermal stress-responses. In agreement with this, B. lucorum workers showed no clear elevational pattern in their physiological thermal tolerances. Instead, we found an upregulation of genetic pathways linked to higher metabolic energy production (ATP generation via carbon transformation and oxidative phosphorylation) in bumblebees derived from mid- or high-elevations or sampled during cool temperatures. Grazing pressure, led to an upregulation of genetic pathways involved in stress response, immunoregulation and DNA-regeneration/repair. We conclude that alpine bumblebees are tolerant towards the relatively broad temperature fluctuations they face in temperate mountain environments. Warmer temperatures, at least in currently common ranges, seem to release bumblebees from metabolic stress. Although, grazing intensity in the studied grasslands was rather low, it stresses detectable responses in the transcriptome of bumblebees. While the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic, this demonstrates the hitherto completely underestimated complexity of human influence on natural pollinators.