Obesity is closely related to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes genesis. The liver is a key organ to glucose homeostasis since insulin resistance in this organ increases hepatic glucose production (HGP) and fasting hyperglycemia. The protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) may dephosphorylate the IR and IRS, contributing to insulin resistance in this organ. Aerobic exercise is a great strategy to increase insulin action in the liver by reducing the PTP1B content. In contrast, no study has shown the direct effects of strength training on the hepatic metabolism of PTP1B. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of short-term strength exercise (STSE) on hepatic insulin sensitivity and PTP1B content in obese mice, regardless of body weight change. To achieve this goal, obese Swiss mice were submitted to a strength exercise protocol lasting 15 days. The results showed that STSE increased Akt phosphorylation in the liver and enhanced the control of HGP during the pyruvate tolerance test. Furthermore, sedentary obese animals increased PTP1B content and decreased IRS-1/2 tyrosine phosphorylation; however, STSE was able to reverse this scenario. Therefore, we conclude that STSE is an important strategy to improve the hepatic insulin sensitivity and HGP by reducing the PTP1B content in the liver of obese mice, regardless of changes in body weight.