Dengue, zika virus and chicungunya are diseases transmitted by the bite of the female mosquito Aedes aegypti Linn. Because of this, these diseases pose a public health problem, especially in tropical countries. To date, there are no specific vaccines that act against the different serotypes of the disease. In this way, the measures adopted to combat it are restricted in the control of the mosquito. This is done using larvicide chemicals and insecticides, whose main component are organophosphorus, such as Temephos and pyrethroids. However, frequent use of these products has brought over the years some disadvantages: mosquito resistance, water contamination and attack on non-target living beings. Therefore, this work evaluated the larvicidal potential of the flower buds of the Syzygium aromaticum species against larvae in the third stage of the Aedes aegypti mosquito (Linnaeus, 1762). For this, the essential oil was quantitated by hydrodistillation. The physicochemical properties of the essential oil (density, refractive index, solubility, color and appearance) were determined. In addition, the oil was characterized chemically, quantifying its components and identifying its major component by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The oil LC50 was calculated, in addition to the confidence limit at 95% probability, from the methods of Reed-Muench (1938) and Pizzi (1950), respectively. The yield of oil was 3.54% m / m and 3.63% v / m. Using the method used, it was possible to identify and quantify eugenol (52.53%), caryophyllene (37.25%), humulene (4.11%), eugenyl acetate (4.05%) and copaene %), With eugenol being the major component of the oil. The oil exhibited larvicidal activity being totally lethal at a concentration of 120 μg/mL.