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American Physical Society, Physical Review Letters, 9(91), 2003

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.097903

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Entanglement constrained by superselection rules

Journal article published in 2003 by Stephen D. Bartlett ORCID, H. M. Wiseman ORCID
This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

Bipartite entanglement may be reduced if there are restrictions on allowed local operations. We introduce the concept of a generalized superselection rule to describe such restrictions, and quantify the entanglement constrained by it. We show that ensemble quantum information processing, where elements in the ensemble are not individually addressable, is subject to the superselection rule associated with the symmetric group (the group of permutations of elements). We prove that even for an ensemble comprising many pairs of qubits, each pair described by a pure Bell state, the entanglement per element constrained by this superselection rule goes to zero for a large number of elements.