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Nature Research, Nature Genetics, 3(47), p. 242-249, 2015

DOI: 10.1038/ng.3195

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Evolutionary history and global spread of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing lineage.

Journal article published in 2015 by Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe Abymes France World Health Organization Supranational Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Thierry Wirth, S. R??sch-Gerdes, Matthias Merker, Camille Blin, T. Lilleb??k, Stefano Mona, Clifton E. Barry Iii, Research Center Borstel Borstel Germany Molecular Mycobacteriology, Nicolas Duforet-Frebourg, Sophie Lecher, Evolution Mol??culaire Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Paris France 2. Institut de Syst??matique Evolution Biodiversit?? UMR-Cnrs 7205 Mus??um National d'Histoire Naturelle Universit?? Pierre et Marie Curie Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Sorbonne Univer 1. Laboratoire Biologie Int??grative des Population, Eve Willery, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Laboratoire Techniques de l'Ing??nierie M??dicale et de la Complexit??-Informatique Math??matiques et Applications Grenoble France Universit?? Joseph Fourier, Michael G. B. Blum and other authors.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Journal Article ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the Beijing lineage are globally distributed and are associated with the massive spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis in Eurasia. Here we reconstructed the biogeographical structure and evolutionary history of this lineage by genetic analysis of 4,987 isolates from 99 countries and whole-genome sequencing of 110 representative isolates. We show that this lineage initially originated in the Far East, from where it radiated worldwide in several waves. We detected successive increases in population size for this pathogen over the last 200 years, practically coinciding with the Industrial Revolution, the First World War and HIV epidemics. Two MDR clones of this lineage started to spread throughout central Asia and Russia concomitantly with the collapse of the public health system in the former Soviet Union. Mutations identified in genes putatively under positive selection and associated with virulence might have favored the expansion of the most successful branches of the lineage.