Cardiovascular disease includes health problems related to the heart, arteries and veins and is a significant healthcare problem worldwide. Cardiovascular disease may be acute or chronic and relapses are frequent. Biomarkers involved in this field may help clinicians and surgeons in diagnosis and adequate decision making. Relevant articles searched in the following databases Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect, were retrieved and analysed. Several biomarkers have been identified and we analyzed those of most importance from a clinical and surgical point of view. Biomarkers can better identify high-risk individuals, facilitate follow-up process, provide information regarding prognosis and better tailor the most appropriate surgical treatment.