AbstractMusculoskeletal pain is a common presentation in military patients. If not managed effectively it can have a detrimental effect on both the individual and the ship/unit. This article aims to examine how to thoroughly assess a military patient presenting with acute musculoskeletal pain; to provide the practitioner with a framework for effective pain history taking, and to help identify and exclude rare but serious causes of pain – ‘red and yellow flag concepts’. Key management steps and appropriate interventions for managing acute, benign musculoskeletal pain are discussed and related to the varying environments where the patient may be encountered.