Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently one of the leading cause of mortality in the European Union. Well-established, modifiable cardiovascular (CV) risk factors include hypertension (HTN), hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, low activity levels, poor diet and smoking. There are no current estimates on the prevalence of CV risk factors among Polish patients solely in the primary care setting. Methods A nationwide cross-sectional study, LIPIDOGRAM2015, was carried out in Poland in the 4th quarter of 2015 and 1st and 2nd quarters of 2016. 438 primary care physicians enrolled 13,724 adult patients that sought medical care for any medical reason in primary health care practices. Results Nearly 19% of men and approximately 12% of women had CVD. Over 60% of the recruited patients had HTN, >80% had dyslipidaemia and <15% of patients were previously diagnosed with DM. All of these disorders were more frequent in men. Overweight and obesity were present in more than 75% of patients with 80% of them exceeding the waist circumference norm for the European population. Slightly less than half of the patients were current smokers or had smoked in the past. Patients with CVD had significantly higher blood pressure and glucose levels but lower low density lipoprotein-cholesterol level (LDL-C). In patients with CVD, HTN and dyslipidaemia were twice as frequent and DM three times more so than in patients without it (Figure 1). Conclusions The incidence of CVD and CV risk factors among patients attending primary healthcare in Poland is high. CVD is more common in men than in women. The most common CV risk factors are excess waist circumference, dyslipidaemia and HTN. Family physicians working in primary health care, as well as health authorities should conduct activities to prevent, diagnose early and treat CVD in the primary health care population. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): The present study was an initiative of the Polish Lipid Association (PoLA) and the College of Family Physician in Poland (CFPiP). The present study was funded by an unrestricted educational grant from Valeant.