To study the therapeutic effect of nano-dosin-loaded drug system in mouse bladder cancer, a luciferase-labeled mouse bladder cancer cell line and a mouse bladder cancer model were constructed. In vivo imaging monitors tumor growth and uses a combination of photothermal, immune, and chemotherapy to treat the mouse model. With doxorubicin as an antitumor drug carrier, the drug loading, in vitro drug release, cytotoxicity and behavior in cells of mesoporous nano particle-targeted drug delivery system were studied. The cells were injected into the bladder through the urethra, and the mouse bladder cancer subcutaneous model was treated with gelatin-coated single-walled carbon nanotube-encapsulated mouse granulocytes-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and doxorubicin. In the process of using, the use of near-infrared light for irradiation, thereby achieving the combined effect of photothermal, immune and chemotherapy. The experimental results show that the prepared doxorubicin prodrug delivery system can enhance the targeted therapeutic effect and reduce the toxicity and side effects of the drug. Especially for those cancer cells or tissues with overexpression of folate receptors, it has a better therapeutic effect and provides reference for the treatment of subsequent bladder cancer.