AbstractEnyne metathesis reactions are powerful tools for the preparation of a wide range of synthetic and natural chemical substances with increasing efficiency and environmental sustainability. The driving force of the reaction is the formation of a stable conjugated system, i.e., a diene, which through further functionalization steps can be used for the construction of skeletally complex molecular architectures. These concepts are exploited to design cascade reaction sequences, where multiple rings can be formed in a one-pot fashion by combining metathetic protocols with various chemical transformations. The strong correlation between synthetic organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry prompted us to review the most notable approaches for the synthesis of biologically relevant compounds via enyne metathesis-based one-pot processes. With the aim to provide a modern and practical overview, by taking into consideration the scientific literature on this topic, we have focused the majority of our attention on the research performed in the last decade. This review covers the literature from 2003 to 2020.1 Introduction2 Ethylene-Mediated Processes3 RCEYM/CM and CEYM/RCM Processes4 Enyne Metathesis/Diels–Alder-Based Processes5 RCM of Dienynes6 RCM of Tethered Dienynes7 Relay Metathesis8 Ring-Rearrangement Metathesis9 RCEYM/Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–C Bond-Forming Processes10 Conclusions11 List of Acronyms