American Society for Microbiology, Journal of Virology, 24(94), 2020
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01453-20
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The varying influenza A virus (IAV) exposure and infection status of individual swine facilitates introduction, transmission, and dissemination of diverse IAVs. Since agricultural fairs bring people into intimate contact with swine, they provide a unique interface for zoonotic transmission of IAV. Understanding the dynamics of IAV transmission through exhibition swine is critical to mitigating the high incidence of variant IAV cases reported in association with agricultural fairs. We used genomic sequences from our exhibition swine surveillance to characterize the hemagglutinin and full genotypic diversity of IAV at early-season shows and the subsequent dissemination through later-season agricultural fairs. We were able to identify a critical time point with important implications for downstream IAV and zoonotic transmission. With improved understanding of evolutionary origins of zoonotic IAV, we can inform public health mitigation strategies to ultimately reduce zoonotic IAV transmission and risk of pandemic IAV emergence.