ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and genetic trends for reproductive traits in Wistar rats. A total of 1,167 data records from 283 females over six generations of monogamous mating pairs was used. Heritability and genetic correlation were estimated through Bayesian inference and genetic trends were calculated by linear regression of breeding values over generations. Heritability estimates for litter size at birth (LS), calving interval (CI), pup mortality (PM) and maternal cannibalism (CAN) presented low magnitude, ranging from 0.01 to 0.13. CAN presented high and positive genetic correlation with LS and PM (0.77 and 0.78, respectively). On the other hand, all the other estimated genetic correlations were not significant. Genetic trend was positive for LS (+0.0900 pups per generation), and negative for PM and CAN (-1.0085 and -0.5217 pups per generation, respectively). For CI the genetic trend was not significant. It is recommended to increase selection intensity on dams in this Wistar rat population in order to accelerate the genetic progress.