Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has developed into a global outbreak. Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) with COVID‐19 have different clinical characteristics and prognostic outcomes. This study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators of patients with COVID‐19 with CVD, especially the critically ill patients. Methods and Results This study included 244 patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 and CVD (hypertension, coronary heart disease, or heart failure). The patients were categorized into critical (n=36) and noncritical (n=208) groups according to the interim guidance of China’s National Health Commission. Clinical, laboratory, and outcome data were collected from the patients’ medical records and compared between the 2 groups. The average body mass index of patients was significantly higher in the critical group than in the noncritical group. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, and fibrinogen, and d ‐dimer levels at admission were significantly increased in the critical group. The all‐cause mortality rate among cases of COVID‐19 combined with CVD was 19.26%; the proportion of coronary heart disease and heart failure was significantly higher in deceased patients than in recovered patients. High body mass index, previous history of coronary heart disease, lactic acid accumulation, and a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen were associated with death. Conclusions All‐cause mortality in patients with COVID‐19 with CVD in hospitals is high. The high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio may be a predictor of critical patients. Overweight/obesity combined with coronary heart disease, severe hypoxia, and lactic acid accumulation resulting from respiratory failure are related to poor outcomes. Registration URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn ; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2000029865.