Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is regularly seen in travelers or immigrants from tropical countries. The diagnosis relies on liver imaging that is not specific and on the detection of anti- Entamoeba histolytica antibodies, which cannot distinguish an acute from a former infection. We tested whether E. histolytica DNA detection in serum can improve the diagnosis of ALA. We retrospectively tested available serum samples taken from patients with ALA and non-ALA space-occupying lesions of the liver between 1 January 2010 and 30 November 2019.