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MDPI, Gels, 3(6), p. 22, 2020

DOI: 10.3390/gels6030022

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Volume Phase Transition in Gels: Its Discovery and Development

Journal article published in 2020 by Karel Dušek, Miroslava Dušková-Smrčková ORCID
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

The history of volume phase transition of responsive gels from its theoretical prediction to experimental discovery was described and the major role of mixing Gibbs energy function in theoretical models was stressed. For detailed analysis and fine tuning of the volume phase transition, the generalized Flory–Huggins model with concentration and temperature dependent interaction function coupled with Maxwell construction as a tool is very suitable. Application of expansive stresses can uncover the potential of various swelling gels for volume phase transition. Experimentally, the abrupt, equilibrium-controlled phase transition is often hard to achieve due to passage of gel through states of mechanical instability and slow relaxation processes in macroscopic objects.