Introduction Some studies documented the changes of hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells following aerobic exercise for example, (Mobius-Winkler et al., 2009; Thijssen et al., 2006). However, far less information is available on hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells in response to anaerobic exercise. Thus, the aim of this study was to know the responses of hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells in the 24 hours after RAST anaerobic test. Methods Ten healthy male’s athlete’s age (20.90± 0.27 y) performed running - based anaerobic sprint test (RAST). RAST consisted of six 35m sprint runs at maximum speed with 10 sec rest between them. Blood samples taken pre, and immediately, 30 min, 2h, 6h and 24h post exercise were analyzed for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Types – A (VEGF-A), Nitric Oxide (NO), Lactic Acid (LA) and White Blood Cells (WBCs) . Results After RAST anaerobic test, there was significant increase in HSCs, EPCS, VEGF-A, NO, LA and WBCs (p ˂ 0.05). This increase will be at different rates according to the timing of taking blood sample. HSCs and EPCs were in the maximum rate of increase 6h after RAST anaerobic test. In addition to VEGF-A was in the maximum rate of increase 30min after RAST anaerobic test and NO 24h after RAST anaerobic test. While LA and WBC were in the maximum rate of increase immediately after RAST anaerobic test. The researcher noted that there was a significant decrease in HSCs immediately after the RAST anaerobic test (p˂0.05). Discussion Increase in HSCs and EPCs was a result of many mechanisms represented by an increase in NO and VEGF-A after RAST anaerobic test. While the researcher sees that the increase in WBCs and LA after RAST anaerobic test immediately, led to muscle fatigue and inflammation in tissues which result in rapid migration of HSCs to the tissues that need it. And this explains the immediate decrease of HSCs in peripheral blood after RAST anaerobic test. References Mobius-Winkler S, Hilberg T, Menzel K, Golla E, Burman A, Schuler G, Adams V .(2009 ). J Appl Physiol, 107:1943–1950. Thijssen DH, Vos JB, Verseyden C, van Zonneveld AJ, Smits P, Sweep FC, Hopman MTE, de Boer HC. (2006). Aging Cell, 5:495–503.