The structure of an agroforestry system differs from conventional agriculture and forestry, because it has an environmental function, improving the system’s productivity due to more efficient use of natural resources (space, soil, water, light and nutrients) and complementary relationships between the components. It is the changes in the microclimate of agroforestry systems that directly affect the water and energy balance of these environments, thus, this paper had as main objective to perform a comparative analysis of the water and energy balance of two models of soil cover for the Ribeirão do Feijão (Feijão creek) basin, located in the municipalities of Itirapina and São Carlos/State of São Paulo, a conventional agriculture situation (where the soil is covered by monoculture - oranges) and another one with agriculture in the model of Agroforestry Systems. The water balance extract was obtained using the Thornthwaite and Mather methodology (1955) and the balance of radiation and the energy balance for the systems under analysis were estimated. The results suggest that the agroforestry system can help conserve resources used in agriculture. Nevertheless, the importance of more studies in the area is emphasized to obtain an understanding of the "soil-water-energy-plant” relationship.