Aim: To evaluate the expression of candidate miRNAs in relation to diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). Materials & methods: The expression of six candidate miRNAs has been evaluated in 49 Type 2 diabetes patients with neurological evaluation. Results: A higher expression of miR-128a was seen in patients with DPN compared with those without DPN (p = 0.015). miR-155 and miR-499a seemed to be down-expressed in patients with DPN (p = 0.04 and p = 0.05, respectively). A lower expression of miR-155 (p = 0.05) was observed even in patients with CAN with respect to CAN-negative. A higher expression of miR-155 was associated with the rs767649 polymorphism variant allele compared with the wild-type allele (p = 0.03). Conclusion: miR-128a, miR-155 and miR-499a might be involved in diabetic neuropathies development.