Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, black phosphorus, and transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted significant research attention due to their novel properties and wide range of applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. In particular, investigation of twist-controlled 2D materials has attracted tremendous attention due to their excellent properties such as smooth heterointerfaces, highly gate-tunable bandgaps, and ultrafast carrier transport. Twist-controlled 2D materials combined with their fascinating electronic structures have also indicated their outstanding potential in electronic and optoelectronic applications. In this review, the recent developments in twisted 2D materials are summarized, covering aspects related to their fabrication, twist angle-dependent optical properties, and optoelectronic applications. The photodetectors and orientation-dependent van der Waals junctions are introduced and discussed systematically. Finally, we deliver a summary and outlook to provide a guideline for the future development of this rapidly growing field.