Abstract In melon (Cucumis melo) the resistance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) and the knowledge about reproductive characteristics are important for selection of genitors for breeding population. So, the objective was to investigate if different accessions of melon from a Brazilian germplasm bank have variability in resistance to CMV (FNY strain) and polymorphism in resistance loci markers, as well as whether there is genetic diversity on resistance and floral morphology descriptors and reproductive biology, aiming at genetic improvement. The symptoms induced by CMV were evaluated in 52 melon genotypes which were genotyped with three markers of single nucleotide polymorphisms related to CMV resistance. A sample of 24 genotypes was characterized for floral and reproductive descriptors. The significant variation in resistance levels allows classifying the accessions in five groups. The polymorphisms detected by the markers were independently distributed in these groups, consistent with the oligogenic quantitative expression of the melon’s resistance. There were significant differences between accessions in floral and reproductive descriptors. Through the Ward-MLM multivariate strategy, these accesses were distributed into seven groups with distinct reproductive characteristics, including variability in pollen viability. Therefore, there are Brazilian accessions of melon that have resistance to CMV, as well as variability in reproductive characteristics.