Purpose: To identify the prognostic factors for pulmonary metastasectomy (PM-ectomy) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) . Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with pulmonary metastases (PM ) from HCC who had undergone curative PM-ectomy at National Taiwan University Hospital between 1990 and 2004. Univariate (log-rank) and multivariate (Cox's model) analyses of survival were used to identify the significant prognostic factors. Results: In total, 34 patients were eligible for curative PM-ectomy. The overall survival rates (Kaplan-Meier) after PM-ectomy were 65.2% and 27.5% at 2 and 5 years, respectively. High alpha- fetoprotein level, positive hepatic resection margin, and short disease-free interval (DFI) were unfavorable factors for overall survival from univariate analysis, however, only DFI (P = 0.028) was identified as an independently prognostic factor by multivariate analysis. Bilateral distribution and more PMs were unfavorable factors for PM- free survival from univariate analysis, with only PM number identified as an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis (P = 0.017). Conclusion: Patients with longer DFIs and fewer PMs can benefit from PM-ectomy in HCC . ; 附設醫院創傷醫學部 ; 醫學院附設醫院 ; 期刊論文