Abstract Recently, erythropoietin (EPO) was identified as regulator of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Proteolytic cleavage of biologically active intact FGF23 (iFGF23) results in the formation of C-terminal fragments (cFGF23). An increase in cFGF23 relative to iFGF23 suppresses FGF receptor signaling by competitive inhibition. EPO lowers the i:cFGF23 ratio, thereby overcoming iFGF23-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis. We investigated EPO-FGF23 signaling and levels of erythroferrone (ERFE) in 90 patients with hereditary hemolytic anemia (www.trialregister.nl [NL5189]). We show, for the first time, the importance of EPO-FGF23 signaling in hereditary hemolytic anemia: there was a clear correlation between total FGF23 and EPO levels (r = +0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.89), which persisted after adjustment for iron load, inflammation, and kidney function. There was no correlation between iFGF23 and EPO. Data are consistent with a low i:cFGF23 ratio. Therefore, as expected, we report a correlation between EPO and ERFE in a diverse set of hereditary hemolytic anemias (r = +0.47; 95% CI, 0.14-0.69). There was no association between ERFE and total FGF23 or iFGF23, which suggests that ERFE does not contribute to the connection between FGF23 and EPO. These findings open a new area of research and might provide potentially new druggable targets with the opportunity to ameliorate ineffective erythropoiesis and the development of disease complications in hereditary hemolytic anemias.