Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at increased risk for developing extra-intestinal malignancies, mainly due to immunosuppressive medication. The risk of developing head and neck cancer in immunosuppressed transplant patients is increased. The relation between IBD patients and laryngeal cancer (LC) remains unclear. We aimed (1) to identify risk factors in IBD patients for LC development and (2) to compare clinical characteristics, outcome, and survival of LC in IBD patients with the general population. Methods All IBD patients with LC (1993–2011) were retrospectively identified using the Dutch Pathology Database. We performed 2 case–control studies: (1) to identify risk factors, we compared patients with IBD and LC (cases) with the general IBD population; (2) to analyze LC survival, we compared cases with controls from the general LC population. Results We included 55 cases, 1800 IBD controls, and 2018 LC controls. Cases were more frequently male compared with IBD controls (P < 0.001). For ulcerative colitis (UC), cases were older at IBD diagnosis (P < 0.001). Crohn’s disease (CD) cases were more frequently tobacco users (P < 0.001) and more often had stricturing (P = 0.006) and penetrating (P = 0.008) disease. We found no survival difference. Immunosuppressive medication had no impact on survival. Conclusions Male sex was a risk factor for LC in IBD patients. Older age at IBD diagnosis was a risk factor for UC to develop LC. Tobacco use and stricturing and penetrating disease were risk factors for LC development in CD patients. Inflammatory bowel disease was not associated with impaired survival of LC. Immunosuppressive medication had no influence on survival.